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Horst Hannig
Horst Hannig (13 November 1921 – 15 May 1943) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace and posthumous recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves ((ドイツ語:Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub)) during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.〔Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.〕 Hannig is credited with 98 aerial victories claimed in over 350 combat missions. He was killed in action following combat with Royal Air Force (RAF) Spitfire's on 15 May 1943.
==Career==
Born in 1921 in Frankenstein, Lower Silesia, Hannig joined the military service in the Luftwaffe as a ''Fahnenjunker'' (officer cadet) in October 1939. He was posted to the 6./Jagdgeschwader 54 "''Grünherz''" (JG 54—54th fighter wing) in early 1941.〔Obermaier 1989, p. 60.〕 His brother, Walter Hannig, received the German Cross in Gold () on 28 April 1943 as an observer with ''Aufklärungsgruppe'' (reconnaissance group) 4.(F)/14 of the Luftwaffe.〔Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 164.〕 Horst Hannig claimed his first aerial victory, a Tupolev SB-2, on the first day of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941.〔Weal 2007, pp.7–8.〕 He achieved his first 30 victories up to November 1941. On 9 May 1942, ''Leutnant'' (second Lieutenant) Hannig was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () having flown over 200 operations and claiming 48 victories. He and ''Leutnant'' Hans Beißwenger received the Knight's Cross from ''General der Flieger'' Helmuth Förster at Siverskaya. On 21 July 1942 he claimed his 54th victory, a Petlyakov Pe-2 reconnaissance aircraft, near Lake Ilmen. It was JG 54 2,500th aerial victory.〔Bergström, Dikov, Antipov and Sundin 2006, p. 100.〕
By early 1943 he had achieved 90 kills on the Eastern Front, and became ''Staffelkapitän'' (squadron leader) of 2./Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd fighter fing) in Northern Europe. While with 2./JG 2 he achieved another 8 victories, including 1 four-engine United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) heavy bomber shot down on 16 February 1943.
Horst Hannig was killed in action on 15 May 1943 against Royal Air Force (RAF) operations that targeted Caen-Carpiquet Airdrome and Poix Airdrome. He was shot down by Squadron Leader J. Charles leading Yellow Section of No. 611 Squadron, and thus becoming the 1,000th aerial victory of the Biggin Hill Wing. He had managed to bail out but his parachute failed to open.〔Weal 2000, p. 100.〕 Hannig was posthumously awarded the 364th Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub'') on 3 January 1944 and posthumously promoted to ''Oberleutnant'' (first Lieutenant). He was interred at the German war cemetery at St. Desir-de-Lisieux, block 3 row 15 grave 445.
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